You paid for a finished job. You didn't get one.
Half-done bathrooms, leaking roofs, "snags" that are structural — and a builder who's stopped answering. In most cases like this the law sees a broken agreement — and an agreement doesn't have to be written down to count.
The snag list — what they said vs what you got
How people describe it when they reach us
The sorts of things people tell us when a builder has taken their money and stopped turning up. We've helped with over 500 building disputes.
What a builder owes you, legally
Building work for a homeowner sits under consumer law as well as ordinary contract law. These are the provisions that usually decide unfinished and defective work.
ActConsumer Rights Act 2015, ss.49 & 57Services must be carried out with reasonable care and skill.
Section 49 implies a term into every contract where a trader supplies a service to a consumer: it must be carried out with reasonable care and skill. Section 57 limits how far a trader can exclude or restrict that term, so a line in a quote generally won't remove it. Work falling below the standard a competent tradesperson would meet is normally a breach, whether or not anything was written down.
Read it on legislation.gov.uk ↗ActConsumer Rights Act 2015, ss.51–52Where no price or deadline was fixed, both must be reasonable.
If the job was agreed without a firm completion date, the law fills the gap: it must be carried out within a reasonable time. What counts as reasonable generally depends on the scope of the work, agreed sequencing, access, supply problems and any variations — which is what answers a flat "there was never a deadline".
Read it on legislation.gov.uk ↗ActConsumer Rights Act 2015, ss.54–56Repeat performance, price reduction — and damages alongside.
The statutory service remedies are repeat performance (the trader putting the work right at their own cost, within a reasonable time and without significant inconvenience) and, where that isn't possible or doesn't happen, a price reduction which can run up to the full amount paid. Section 54 preserves other remedies too, including damages, so this is not always a rigid sequence. Evidence of the opportunity given to the trader is typically something courts consider.
Read it on legislation.gov.uk ↗Case lawDamages — the cost of putting it rightThe usual measure is what it costs to get the work finished properly.
Contract damages generally aim to put you in the position you would have been in had the work been done properly, and the usual starting point is the reasonable cost of completing and correcting it. Courts may also weigh proportionality, betterment and mitigation — where a remedial cost is out of all proportion, the measure can instead reflect the reduction in value. A written quote from another trader is typically central either way.
Case lawFailure of basis — money paid for work never doneA deposit taken for work that never happened is usually recoverable as a debt in restitution.
Where you paid for something and received essentially nothing in return, the law of unjust enrichment generally allows recovery of the payment on the ground that the basis for it failed totally. It typically runs alongside a breach-of-contract claim and can be simpler where a trader took a deposit, never started, and then disappeared — there is little to argue about beyond the fact of payment.
ActLimitation Act 1980, s.5Six years from the breach, as a general rule.
Time generally runs from the breach rather than from when you noticed it, so defects that surface years later can raise harder limitation questions. Evidence — quotes, messages, photographs — also tends to be easier to assemble while the work is recent.
Read it on legislation.gov.uk ↗General information about the law of England and Wales, not advice on your case. Different rules can apply to work done for a business rather than a household.
Four things builders say. None of them end it.
Usually doesn't save them. The quote, your texts and the bank transfers are normally enough to prove what was agreed. Spoken agreements count.
Incomplete work cuts both ways. Courts routinely weigh the cost of finishing and fixing against anything still owed.
Patience has a limit. Give them a fair chance to fix it and keep the evidence — after that, courts often allow the reasonable cost of getting someone else in.
Okay. Small claims in England & Wales covers most disputes up to £10,000, and you don't need a solicitor. A judgment they don't pay becomes a CCJ on their record.
Six things worth gathering now
What pursuing it actually involves
Build the snag file
Photos, the quote, every payment, every excuse. We turn your evidence into a claim a court can weigh — and give you a straight view of what it's realistically worth.
The formal demand
A letter before action with a deadline: what's owed, why, and what happens next. Many builders re-engage here rather than face a claim.
Court claim, prepared
An N1 money claim — the cost of finishing and fixing — drafted, checked and filed. We do the paperwork; the decision is the court's.
What JustClaim is: we prepare and file the paperwork for your money claim, for a fixed price shown before you pay. We're not a law firm, this isn't legal advice, and no outcome is ever guaranteed — a claim is for the money, not a way to force the builder back.
One thing before any claim: if the work has left anything unsafe — gas, electrics, structure — get it made safe first. That matters more than the money.
Questions people in this exact spot ask
There's no written contract. Do I have a case against my builder?
Usually the lack of paperwork doesn't end it. The quote, your messages, and the payments you made are normally enough to prove what was agreed — spoken agreements count in law.
The builder says I still owe the balance. Do I have to pay it?
Incomplete or defective work cuts both ways: courts routinely weigh the reasonable cost of finishing and fixing against anything still owed. Get a written quote for completing the work before you decide anything.
Can I just hire someone else to finish it and claim the cost?
Often, yes — after giving the original builder a fair chance to put it right. Keep the evidence of that chance (messages, deadlines) and get the replacement work quoted in writing.
The builder's company has been dissolved. Is it over?
Not necessarily — it depends who your agreement was actually with and whether they're trading under a new name. Tell us the details and we'll give you a straight view.
What does taking a builder to small claims court actually cost?
Court fees depend on the claim amount, and our fixed price is shown before you pay anything. If the claim succeeds, court fees are typically added to what the builder owes you.
How long do I have to bring a claim?
Contract claims generally have a six-year limit in England & Wales, but the practical answer is: the sooner the better, while evidence is fresh and the builder is findable.
Their plan is that you give up. Don't.
Two minutes to tell us what happened. We'll tell you if it's worth pursuing — and exactly what it would cost — before you pay anything.
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